Volume – 05, Issue – 01, Page : 01-18

Surveillance Capitalism, Consumer Subjectivity and Marketing in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Author/s

1. Élodie Marchand

2. Théo Durand

3. Maëlle Dubois

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.56106/ssc.2025.001

Date of Publication

28th February 2025

Abstract :
This paper interrogates the transformative implications of artificial intelligence (AI) on contemporary marketing, situating it within broader ethical, epistemic, civic, and socio-political frameworks. Departing from reductive accounts that celebrate efficiency and personalization, the paper adopts an interdisciplinary lens, drawing from philosophy, sociology, data science, political economy, and legal theory, to examine how AI reconfigures the ontology of consumer subjectivity, reshapes attention economies, and challenges foundational assumptions about autonomy, agency, and fairness. Central to this transformation is the rise of algorithmic persuasion, i.e., AI systems now operationalize behavioral engineering at scale, exploiting cognitive biases and affective cues to micro-target individuals with hyper-personalized content. This recalibration of influence is structurally embedded in the political economy of surveillance capitalism, wherein personal data is commodified, consent is obfuscated, and algorithmic logics remain opaque. The review highlights pressing concerns around algorithmic bias, the erosion of informed consent, attention commodification, the use of generative AI in brand construction, and the weaponization of marketing infrastructures for political microtargeting and misinformation. It also explores the evolving skillsets, ethical responsibilities, and pedagogical imperatives required of marketing professionals operating within this complex landscape. Rather than advocating for technological optimism or moral panic, the paper argues for a human-centric marketing paradigm rooted in algorithmic accountability, inclusive design, and critical AI literacy. In doing so, it calls for coordinated efforts across disciplines, institutions, and regulatory frameworks to ensure that marketing in the age of AI serves democratic values, protects individual autonomy, and nurtures epistemic justice. Ultimately, the review positions marketing not merely as a commercial enterprise but as a civic practice, i.e., one that must be governed with the same ethical rigor and public responsibility demanded of other powerful socio-technical systems.

Keywords :
Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Persuasion, Surveillance Capitalism, Behavioral Engineering, Consumer Autonomy, Algorithmic Bias, Attention Economy, Marketing Ethics, Generative AI.

References :

  • Adeniran, I. A., Efunniyi, C. P., Osundare, O. S., & Abhulimen, A. O. (2024). Transforming marketing strategies with data analytics: A study on customer behavior and personalization. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research6(8), 41-51.
  • Agu, E. E., Abhulimen, A. O., Obiki-Osafiele, A. N., Osundare, O. S., Adeniran, I. A., & Efunniyi, C. P. (2024). Discussing ethical considerations and solutions for ensuring fairness in AI-driven financial services. International Journal of Frontier Research in Science3(2), 001-009.
  • Akter, S., Dwivedi, Y. K., Sajib, S., Biswas, K., Bandara, R. J., & Michael, K. (2022). Algorithmic bias in machine learning-based marketing models. Journal of Business Research144, 201-216.
  • Akter, S., Sultana, S., Mariani, M., Wamba, S. F., Spanaki, K., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023). Advancing algorithmic bias management capabilities in AI-driven marketing analytics research. Industrial Marketing Management114, 243-261.
  • Al-kfairy, M., Mustafa, D., Kshetri, N., Insiew, M., & Alfandi, O. (2024, September). Ethical challenges and solutions of generative AI: An interdisciplinary perspective. In Informatics (Vol. 11, No. 3, p. 58). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
  • Allil, K. (2024). Integrating AI-driven marketing analytics techniques into the classroom: pedagogical strategies for enhancing student engagement and future business success. Journal of Marketing Analytics12(2), 142-168.
  • Badmus, O., Rajput, S. A., Arogundade, J. B., & Williams, M. (2024). AI-driven business analytics and decision making. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews24(1), 616-633.
  • Balaji, K. (2024). Harnessing AI for Financial Innovations: Pioneering the Future of Financial Services. In Modern Management Science Practices in the Age of AI (pp. 91-122). IGI Global.
  • Bashang, S., & Puttanna, K. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence in digital marketing: a review. International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies IRJEMS2(3).
  • Boppiniti, S. T. (2023). Data ethics in ai: Addressing challenges in machine learning and data governance for responsible data science. International Scientific Journal for Research5(5), 1-29.
  • Chowdhury, T., & Oredo, J. (2023). AI ethical biases: normative and information systems development conceptual framework. Journal of Decision Systems32(3), 617-633.
  • Ford, J., Jain, V., Wadhwani, K., & Gupta, D. G. (2023). AI advertising: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research166, 114124.
  • Gao, B., Wang, Y., Xie, H., Hu, Y., & Hu, Y. (2023). Artificial intelligence in advertising: advancements, challenges, and ethical considerations in targeting, personalization, content creation, and ad optimization. Sage Open13(4), 21582440231210759.
  • George, A. S., George, A. H., & Baskar, T. (2023). Exploring the potential of prompt engineering in India: a study on the future of AI-driven job market and the role of higher education. Partners Universal Innovative Research Publication1(2), 34-57.
  • Gonçalves, A. R., Pinto, D. C., Rita, P., & Pires, T. (2023). Artificial intelligence and its ethical implications for marketing. Emerging Science Journal7(2), 313-327.
  • Hermann, E. (2022). Leveraging artificial intelligence in marketing for social good—An ethical perspective. Journal of Business Ethics179(1), 43-61.
  • Hicham, N., Nassera, H., & Karim, S. (2023). Strategic framework for leveraging artificial intelligence in future marketing decision-making. Journal of Intelligent Management Decision2(3), 139-150.
  • Huh, J., Nelson, M. R., & Russell, C. A. (2023). ChatGPT, AI advertising, and advertising research and education. Journal of Advertising52(4), 477-482.
  • Ikudabo, A. O., & Kumar, P. (2024). AI-driven risk assessment and management in banking: balancing innovation and security. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews5(10), 3573-88.
  • Islam, M. A., Fakir, S. I., Masud, S. B., Hossen, M. D., Islam, M. T., & Siddiky, M. R. (2024). Artificial intelligence in digital marketing automation: Enhancing personalization, predictive analytics, and ethical integration. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology8(6), 6498-6516.
  • Iyelolu, T. V., Agu, E. E., Idemudia, C., & Ijomah, T. I. (2024). Leveraging artificial intelligence for personalized marketing campaigns to improve conversion rates. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development20(8), 253-270.
  • Khan, M. S., & Umer, H. (2024). ChatGPT in finance: Applications, challenges, and solutions. Heliyon10(2).
  • Kopalle, P. K., Gangwar, M., Kaplan, A., Ramachandran, D., Reinartz, W., & Rindfleisch, A. (2022). Examining artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in marketing via a global lens: Current trends and future research opportunities. International Journal of Research in Marketing39(2), 522-540.
  • Kumar, D., & Suthar, N. (2024). Ethical and legal challenges of AI in marketing: an exploration of solutions. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society22(1), 124-144.
  • Kumar, R., Joshi, A., Sharan, H. O., Peng, S. L., & Dudhagara, C. R. (Eds.). (2024). The ethical frontier of AI and data analysis. IGI Global.
  • Kumar, V., Ashraf, A. R., & Nadeem, W. (2024). AI-powered marketing: What, where, and how?. International Journal of Information Management77, 102783.
  • Kunz, W. H., & Wirtz, J. (2024). Corporate digital responsibility (CDR) in the age of AI: implications for interactive marketing. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing18(1), 31-37.
  • Li, Z. (2024). Ethical frontiers in artificial intelligence: navigating the complexities of bias, privacy, and accountability. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research14(3), 109-116.
  • Mbah, G. O. (2024). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping Future Intellectual Property Law and Policy: Regulatory Challenges and Ethical Considerations. Journal homepage: www. ijrpr. com ISSN2582, 7421.
  • McAlister, A. R., Alhabash, S., & Yang, J. (2024). Artificial intelligence and ChatGPT: Exploring Current and potential future roles in marketing education. Journal of Marketing Communications30(2), 166-187.
  • McKay, F., Williams, B. J., Prestwich, G., Bansal, D., Hallowell, N., & Treanor, D. (2022). The ethical challenges of artificial intelligence‐driven digital pathology. The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research8(3), 209-216.
  • More, A., & Unnikrishnan, R. (2024). AI-Powered Analytics in Product Marketing Optimizing Customer Experience and Market Segmentation. Journal Of Multidisciplinary4(11), 12-19.
  • Mutashar, M. K. (2024). Navigating ethics in AI-driven translation for a human-centric future. Academia Open9(2), 10-21070.
  • Naveeenkumar, N., Rallapalli, S., Sasikala, K., Priya, P. V., Husain, J., & Boopathi, S. (2024). Enhancing Consumer Behavior and Experience Through AI-Driven Insights Optimization. In AI impacts in digital consumer behavior (pp. 1-35). IGI Global.
  • Noranee, S., & bin Othman, A. K. (2023). Understanding consumer sentiments: Exploring the role of artificial intelligence in marketing. JMM17: Jurnal Ilmu ekonomi dan manajemen10(1), 15-23.
  • Obinna, A. J., & Kess-Momoh, A. J. (2024). Comparative technical analysis of legal and ethical frameworks in AI-enhanced procurement processes. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews22(1), 1415-1430.
  • Oguntibeju, O. O. (2024). Mitigating artificial intelligence bias in financial systems: A comparative analysis of debiasing techniques. Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science17(12), 165-178.
  • Oladoyinbo, T. O., Olabanji, S. O., Olaniyi, O. O., Adebiyi, O. O., Okunleye, O. J., & Ismaila Alao, A. (2024). Exploring the challenges of artificial intelligence in data integrity and its influence on social dynamics. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports18(2), 1-23.
  • Osasona, F., Amoo, O. O., Atadoga, A., Abrahams, T. O., Farayola, O. A., & Ayinla, B. S. (2024). Reviewing the ethical implications of AI in decision making processes. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research6(2), 322-335.
  • Owolabi, O. S., Uche, P. C., Adeniken, N. T., Ihejirika, C., Islam, R. B., Chhetri, B. J. T., & Jung, B. (2024). Ethical implication of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in financial decision making. Comput. Inf. Sci17, 49-56.
  • Pattanayak, S. K. (2022). Generative AI for Market Analysis in Business Consulting: Revolutionizing Data Insights and Competitive Intelligence. International Journal of Enhanced Research in Management & Computer Applications11, 74-86.
  • Potwora, M., Vdovichena, O., Semchuk, D., Lipych, L., & Saienko, V. (2024). The use of artificial intelligence in marketing strategies: Automation, personalization and forecasting. Journal of Management World2, 41-49.
  • Qwaider, S. R., Abu-Saqer, M. M., Albatish, I., Alsaqqa, A. H., Abunasser, B. S., & Abu-Naser, S. S. (2024). Harnessing artificial intelligence for effective leadership: Opportunities and challenges.
  • Rahman, M. M., Al Mahi, A., & Hossian, M. A. Z. (2024). Application of AI in Halal Marketing: Navigating the Ethical Crossroads. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies2(04), 920-926.
  • Rawas, S. (2024). AI: the future of humanity. Discover Artificial Intelligence4(1), 25.
  • Ray, P. P. (2023). ChatGPT: A comprehensive review on background, applications, key challenges, bias, ethics, limitations and future scope. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems3, 121-154.
  • Rezaei, M., Pironti, M., & Quaglia, R. (2024). AI in knowledge sharing, which ethical challenges are raised in decision-making processes for organisations?. Management Decision.
  • Rivas, P., & Zhao, L. (2023). Marketing with chatgpt: Navigating the ethical terrain of gpt-based chatbot technology. AI4(2), 375-384.
  • Rosário, A. T., & Dias, J. C. (2023). How has data-driven marketing evolved: Challenges and opportunities with emerging technologies. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights3(2), 100203.
  • Saheb, T., Jamthe, S., & Saheb, T. (2022). Developing a conceptual framework for identifying the ethical repercussions of artificial intelligence: A mixed method analysis. Journal of AI, Robotics & Workplace Automation1(4), 371-398.
  • Samara, F. Y. A., Taha, A. H. A., Massa, N. M., Jamie, T. N. A., Harara, F. E., Abu-Nasser, B. S., & Abu-Naser, S. S. (2024). The Role of AI in Enhancing Business Decision-Making: Innovations and Implications.
  • Schweitzer, B. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) ethics in accounting. Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy, JAEPP25(1), 67-67.
  • Sedkaoui, S., & Benaichouba, R. (2024). Generative AI as a transformative force for innovation: a review of opportunities, applications and challenges. European Journal of Innovation Management.
  • Selesi-Aina, O., Obot, N. E., Olisa, A. O., Gbadebo, M. O., Olateju, O., & Olaniyi, O. O. (2024). The future of work: A human-centric approach to AI, robotics, and cloud computing. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports26(11), 10-9734.
  • Sharma, K. K., Tomar, M., & Tadimarri, A. (2023). Unlocking sales potential: How AI revolutionizes marketing strategies. Journal of Knowledge Learning and Science Technology ISSN: 2959-6386 (online)2(2), 231-250.
  • Stahl, B. C., Schroeder, D., & Rodrigues, R. (2023). Ethics of artificial intelligence: Case studies and options for addressing ethical challenges (p. 116). Springer Nature.
  • Thirumagal, P. G., Bhattacharjee, K., Dorbala, R., Palav, M. R., & Mahajan, V. (2024, April). Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in Personalized Marketing. In 2024 5th International Conference on Recent Trends in Computer Science and Technology (ICRTCST) (pp. 165-170). IEEE.
  • Umamaheswari, D. D. (2024). Role of Artificial Intelligence in Marketing Strategies and Performance. Migration Letters21(S4), 1589-1599.
  • Varsha, P. S. (2023). How can we manage biases in artificial intelligence systems – A systematic literature review. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights3(1), 100165.
  • Yadav, B. R. (2024). The Ethics of Understanding: Exploring Moral Implications of Explainable AI. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)13(6), 1-7.
  • Yadav, S. J. (2024). AI Bias and Fairness: Ethical Considerations in Service Marketing Strategies. In Integrating AI-Driven Technologies Into Service Marketing (pp. 49-64). IGI Global.
  • Zlateva, P., Steshina, L., Petukhov, I., & Velev, D. (2024). A conceptual framework for solving ethical issues in generative artificial intelligence. In Electronics, Communications and Networks (pp. 110-119). IOS Press.



WEB – PAGE COUNTER